A groundbreaking discovery has reshaped our understanding of China’s Great Wall, revealing its origins to be nearly 3,000 years old—about 300 years earlier than previously believed. This ancient section, located in Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, dates back to the late Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BCE–771 BCE) and the early Spring and Autumn Period (770 BCE–476 BCE).
A Remarkable Find
Between May and December 2024, archaeologists from the Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology carried out an extensive excavation in the northern part of Guangli Village, covering an area of approximately 1,100 square meters. This marks the first full-scale excavation of the Qi Great Wall following years of surveys.
A Glimpse into the Past
The Qi Great Wall, built by the State of Qi during the Warring States period (475–221 BCE), predates the famous Ming Dynasty Wall by over a thousand years. Spanning over 600 kilometers across Shandong, it was primarily constructed as a defense mechanism against invasions from rival states, particularly the State of Chu.
Using a combination of traditional artifact analysis and advanced techniques like optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and carbon-14 dating, researchers uncovered evidence of sophisticated construction techniques. The wall, built with rammed earth, stone, and other materials, highlights the military expertise and strategic planning of the Qi state centuries before China’s unification under the Qin Dynasty.
The Role of Pingyin City
Additionally, the team identified the ancient settlement of Pingyin City, situated about 1.5 kilometers north of the Qi Great Wall. Historical records, including the Zuo Zhuan and Water Classic Commentary, describe Pingyin as a vital stronghold of the Qi State, crucial for protecting transportation routes and maintaining border security.
This discovery offers a deeper understanding of China’s early defensive structures, showcasing the ingenuity and resilience of its ancient civilizations.
